Suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas

Derivatives of ammonia used as solvents in the post combustion CO₂ capture process to absorb CO₂ from the flue gas stream

The layer of gases surrounding the earth; the gases are mainly nitrogen (78%) andoxygen (around 21%)

The quantity of CO₂ present in the atmosphere

A large scale technology intended to combine sustainable biomassconversion with CO₂ Capture and Storage.

A substance or objectcapable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms

Energy that is generated from organic matter, known as biomass

Carbon stored in biological sources such as plants, trees, and soil

Biological material derived from living or recently living organisms used as a fuel, especially in the generation of electricity

The fraction of CO2 separated from the gas stream of a source

The removal of CO₂ from a process stream or from the atmosphere to produce a highly pure stream of CO₂ amenable for conversion or storage

A colourless, odourless gas formed by carbon and oxygen to be found in the atmosphere and underground

Anything natural or manufactured that absorbs more carbon than it releases

A process for retaining captured CO₂ so that it does not reach the atmosphere

The process of moving captured CO₂ through a pipeline, or by other means, e.g. road, rail or shipping, from its source to a suitable storage site

A range of technologies that use or convert captured CO₂ to make valuable fuels, feedstocks, chemicals, building materials or other products

Fuel sources containing a high quantity of carbon

Carbon Capture and Storage

Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage

An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of additional resources. Circular systems employ reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling to create a close-loop system, minimising the use of resource inputs and the creation of waste, pollution and carbon emissions

A classification of furnaces that uses high velocity air to “fluidise” a combustible material to improve the combustion reaction. Unburnt fuel is recirculated back into the furnace to ensure complete combustion

The long-term average of weather in a region, typically averaged over a period of 30 years

A change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods

Any actions taken to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term global warming and its related effects

Any technology designed to either remove CO₂ from the atmosphere or to prevent the release of CO₂ generated through power generation and industrial processes

The release of CO₂ into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time

A measure used to compare the emissions from various greenhouse gases on the basis of their global-warming potential (GWP), by converting amounts of other gases to the equivalent amount of CO₂ with the same global warming potential

Unwanted chemicals contained within the combustion gas as a result of contaminated fuel, e.g. sulphur

Waste from premises used mainly for the purpose commercial activity, e.g. trade, business or sport

Waste materials capable of undergoing biological decomposition at a consistent rate within a compost site, breaking down into CO₂, water, inorganic compounds and biomass

Annual conferences held in the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

The removal of or reduction in the carbon intensity of a process or an entire economy

A reduction in the amount, degree or intensity of emissions like CO₂

The conversion of non-recyclable waste materials into usable heat, electricity, or fuel

Raw material that supplies or fuels a machine or industrial process
 

The gas that exits via a flue, which is a pipe or channel for gases from a fireplace, oven, furnace, boiler or steam generator. It often refers to the combustion exhaust gas produced at power plants

Uneaten food and food preparation wastes from residences and commercial establishments, including grocery stores, restaurants, produce stands, institutional cafeterias and kitchens and industrial sources

Buried combustible geologic deposits of organic materials, formed from decayed plants and animals that have been converted to crude oil, coal, natural gas, or heavy oils by exposure to heat and pressure in the Earth’s crust over hundreds of millions of years

A thermo-chemical process that converts carbon-containing materials, such as coal, petroleum coke (petcoke), biomass, waste, or other materials, with little or no oxygen present and at high temperatures, into a synthesis gas (syngas)

Injection of CO₂ into suitable deep rock formations where it can remain stored

The increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation

A naturally occurring process that aids in heating the Earth's surface and atmosphere. It results from the fact that certain atmospheric gases, such as CO₂, water vapour, and methane, are able to absorb longwave radiation emitted from the Earth's surface

A gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation, e.g. carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Waste that poses a substantial or potential threat to public health or the environment

An organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon

A waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials

The waste produced by industrial activity which includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing process such as that of factories, industries, mills, and mining operations

waste composed of material other than plant or animal matter, such as sand, dust, glass, and many synthetics

The final disposal of solid waste by placing it in a controlled fashion in a place intended to be permanent

In CCS, thin sheets of material that can separate CO₂ from other gases acting like a sieve

A colourless, odourless flammable gas which is the main constituent of natural gas. It is the simplest member of the alkane series of hydrocarbons

Unsorted materials that have been discarded into the waste stream

"Regular" waste from non-industrial sources, such as residential homes, restaurants, retail centres, and office buildings

A flammable gas, consisting largely of methane and other hydrocarbons, occurring naturally underground and used as fuel

The permanent removal of CO₂ from Earth’s atmosphere

The ratio of energy input to useful energy output

Waste materials derived from living organisms, such as food, garden and lawn clippings and wood waste, which can be recycled and turned into valuable products such as compost or renewable energy

The process of burning a fuel using pure oxygen instead of air as the primary oxidant. Since the nitrogen component of air is not heated, fuel consumption is reduced, and higher flame temperatures are possible

A technology for increasing the efficiency of combustion by increasing the concentration of oxygen in the air to fuel mixture

A pilot study, project, test or experiment is a small scale preliminary study conducted in order to evaluate feasibility, duration, cost, adverse events, and improve upon the study design prior to performance of a full-scale test

Contaminated with harmful, poisonous or unwanted substance(s)

Separating CO₂ from other waste gases after a fuel is burned

The removal of CO₂ from fuels prior to a fuel being burned

Items that can be reprocessed into feedstock for new products. Common examples are paper, glass, aluminium, corrugated cardboard, and plastic containers

Any energy generation process in which the fuel originates from a source that is naturally replenished on a human timescale

The material that remains after a waste treatment process has taken place

The extraction and utilisation of materials and energy from wastes

A modification of existing equipment to upgrade and incorporate changes after the initial installation. In CCS, this might be retrofitting a power station for CO₂ capture, or retrofitting an oil platform for CO₂ injection

The processing solid waste, typically consisting of combustible components of municipal solid waste to extract useful fuel

In CCS, a liquid that can absorb CO₂

In CCS, any process, mechanism or activity which releases greenhouse gases to the atmosphere

A mutually advantageous conjunction or compatibility of processes or businesses

An abbreviation for synthesis gas, a mixture of CO, CO₂ and H. It is produced by gasification of carbon-containing fuel by reaction with steam or oxygen

A type of measurement system used to assess the maturity level of a particular technology. Each technology project is evaluated against the parameters for each technology level and is then assigned a TRL rating based on the project’s progress. There are nine technology readiness levels. TRL 1 is the lowest and TRL 9 is the highest

For waste, any treatment technology that involves high temperatures in the processing of the waste feedstock

Metals normally present in small but measurable amounts in animal and plant cells and tissues and that are a necessary part of nutrition and physiology

The total flow of waste from a community, region, or facility

Waste-to-energy (WtE) or energy-from-waste (EfW) is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste, or the processing of waste into a fuel source

Units of related tasks which are used to break projects up into smaller chunks